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Dating Pelikan fountain Pen


tacitus

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Thank you @stoenfor correction and additional information.

 

9 hours ago, stoen said:

...the 140 nib was substantially shorter and narrower at the shoulder end, and most likely must have evolved from the Ibis 130 nib. Here’s a side-by-side photo for comparison:

 

55F3B425-ED52-42FB-9DEA-DA7CF3175A79.jpeg.65ccf22011cd26798cc3917dfc0ab1c0.jpeg

(1) Model 140 nib unit (1954)

(2) Model 400 nib unit (1951)

 

 

I didn't realize it until you pointed it out.

 

Please visit my website Modern Pelikan Pens for the latest information. It is updating and correcting original articles posted in "Dating Pelikan fountain Pen".

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On 2/19/2023 at 7:53 AM, tacitus said:
 
 
Pelikan 140 with chrome trims and chromium-nickel (CN) nib (late version) (from 1955?)
49871488922_d8d6ee0a7f_c.jpg.cbb923296e4022e7cf2fa71ebf7eb622.jpg
New Pelikan CN nib. By courtesy of Christof Zollinger.
 
 

 

Since this picture was taken by me, I can confirm that the CN nib did not originally belong to this pen. I installed it myself. The photo was not intended to document a model variant, but rather as a photographic still life.

 

Pelikan 140s were always supplied with gold nibs to my knowledge.

 

I will have to be more careful about posting photos in the future. I am sorry.

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35 minutes ago, christof said:

 

...Since this picture was taken by me, I can confirm that the CN nib did not originally belong to this pen. I installed it myself. The photo was not intended to document a model variant, but rather as a photographic still life...I will have to be more careful about posting photos in the future. I am sorry.

Thank you @christof for information about the picture. You don't need to think so as it was used for a different purpose than it was originally intended. Thank you again for allowing us to use your photos in this thread☺️.

Please visit my website Modern Pelikan Pens for the latest information. It is updating and correcting original articles posted in "Dating Pelikan fountain Pen".

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Pelikan 300 (1953-1957)
 
In July, 1953, model 300 was introduced. The model was produced exclusively for the export market⁽¹⁾ and only found in brochures published in Switzerland and Scandinavian countries (Pelikan Schreibgeräte). The price range was positioned between model 140 and 400 (Pelikan Schreibgeräte).

Model 300 was a mixture of model 140 and model 400 in design (Pelikan-collectibles). In fact, the cap top, the clip, and the turning knob were identical to those of model 140, while the cap tube and the barrel were identical to those of model 400⁽²⁾. With the cap closed, model 300 was approximately 5.5 mm longer than model 400. Theoretically, model 300 can be rebuild using parts from models 140 and 400. But, the original model 300 had the model number (300) engraved on the cap ring and on the barrel end, so, the original model 300 can be distinguished from the rebuilt "300". It was likely that collars, clips, nib imprints, feeds, engravings, etc. had changed slightly depending on the time of production, as seen on models 400 and 140.


The model was discontinued in November 1957.

Note;⁽¹⁾The models had "EXPORT" engraving on the barrel end.
⁽²⁾The clip of my 300 has "140" engraving on its backside. The parts of model 300 were diverted from model 140 (and 400)?
 
Pelikan 300
My collection.
DSC02699.JPG.031a3afb75f3d5dc588b27f7e6ed7413.JPG

Pelikan 300 with cap posted.

 

DSC02711.JPG.01d6342b98083f08a501cadc353c94a0.JPG

"PELIKAN 300" engraved on the cap ring.

 
DSC02718.JPG.a1c49234d501d12cba8e167e5ba45be2.JPG
"PELIKAN 300" engraved on the barrel end.
 
DSC02725.JPG.d5884658f03c9467cb3a930c48e50498.JPG
"EXPORT" engraved on the barrel end.
 
DSC02688.JPG.becbaeac99adeb4279f2ff2c2710d322.JPG
"140" on the backside of the clip.
 

DSC02755.JPG.9256090e1e6200d47419c0ab517ca1a6.JPG

Pelikan 140 (left), Pelikan 300 (middle), and Pelikan 400 (right).

 
According to Pelikan Schreibgeräte, red color was extremely rare.
02.jpg03.jpg
06.jpg
 

Please visit my website Modern Pelikan Pens for the latest information. It is updating and correcting original articles posted in "Dating Pelikan fountain Pen".

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  • 4 weeks later...
Pelikan 120 (1955-1965)
 
The currency reform in the three western occupation zones of Germany on June 20, 1948 formed the basis for West Germany’s impressive postwar recovery (Buchheim 1998Pelikan Schreibgeräte)From then on, several German manufacturers started producing their school pens by modifying preexisting adult pens (Pelikan Schreibgeräte)⁽¹⁾. On May 23, 1955, Pelikan also entered the market of school fountain pens with the announcement as below:
 
"PELIKAN-SCHULFÜLLER Der Pelikan 120 besitzt das typesche Merkmal der Pelikan-Füllhalter: die grüne Binde. Der tintenbehälter ist zum Teil durchsichtig. Eine fortlaufende Nummer beugt etwaigen späteren Verwechslungen in der Schule vor. Die vergoldete Stahlfeder des Pelikan 120 ist mit einer harten Spitze versehen. Schnell und sauber füllt die kräftlige Kolbenpumpe den großen Tintenbehälter (Pelikan catalog No.90 (1955))"
(PELIKAN SCHOOL FOUNTAIN PEN - Pelikan 120 has the typical feature of Pelikan fountain pens: the green sleeve⁽²⁾. The ink reservoir is partially transparent. A serial number prevents mix-ups at school. The gold-plated steel nib of Pelikan 120 has a hard tip⁽³⁾. The powerful piston pump fills the large ink reservoir quickly and cleanly)
 
Although the model 120 was a school pen modified from adult fountain pen (model 140) (Pelikan Schreibgeräte), model 120 had features that model 140 did not have. It was equipped with a gold-plated steel nib. Although only F and M nibs were available at introduction, later other types of nib became available (Pelikan catalog No.100A/4 (1962)). In particular, Pfannen (PF) nib⁽⁴⁾ was available only in model 120 (and Pelikano). Model 120 had a transparent non-striped ink window⁽⁵⁾The serial number was engraved on the barrel⁽⁶⁾. Although it was a school pen, model 120 had the same specifications as model 140 except for the nib and barrel. The cap tube was reinforced with the metal tube, and late production had a cap safety device (for a limited time).
 
Like model 400 and 140, model 120 also had desk set. They were produced (or assembled) in Pelikan Milan factory.

In 1960, Pelikano (model 1) was introduced as another school pen⁽⁷⁾. Pelikano was the first cartridge pen from Pelikan. From then on, both model 120 and Pelikano were advertised as school pens (e.g. "PELIKANO Schulfüller mit verdeckter edelstahlfeder (PELIKANO school fountain pen with concealed stainless steel nib)" and "Schulefüller 120" (Pelikan catalog No.100A/4 (1962)), "Kolben (cartridge) -Schulfüller 120" and "Patronen (piston) -Schulfüller Pelikano" (Pelikan catalog No.110B (1963)).

In January 1965, new Pelikano (model 2) was introduced. On the other hand, model 120 was discontinued on May 23, 1965. Model 120 can be said to have fulfilled its role as the first Pelikan school pen.

Note;⁽¹⁾Pelikan's competitors such as Soennecken and Geha started producing school pens in 1950's (e.g. Soennecken S4Geha 700
⁽²⁾We can see that the green barrel was already acknowledged as an undisputed trademark of Pelikan fountain pens at that time. But interestingly, blue was chosen as the symbolic color of Pelikano.
⁽³⁾This would have referred to the osmi-iridium point. According to Pelikan catalog No.100A/4 (1962), "harter Spitze aus Edelmetall"(hard tip made of precious metal). 
⁽⁴⁾According to Pelikan catalog No.110B (1963), PF nib was "Pfannenfeder für Schulänfanger, wird nur für Schulfüller geliefert" (pan nib for school beginner, supplied only for school fountain pen). According to Pelikan Schreibgeräte, the nib was similar to the steel pan nib for dip pen (used for calligraphy characterized by wide and flat tip).
⁽⁵⁾The style of barrel was chosen because of the visibility of remaining ink?
⁽⁶⁾In 1958, Pelikan launched an advertising campaign, in which students got a blue-gold pin badge by sending the serial number to Pelikan. However, there were model 120 without such a number like mine. With the introduction of Pelikano and other competitors, the need for the number probably diminished in the later stages of production.
⁽⁷⁾Although its design and engineering of the inner feed were based on model P1, Pelikano was the first school pen that was developed based on the extensive market survey including the thousands of educators evaluating school pens (Pelikan Schreibgeräte). Pelikano fitted the needs of children who were learning to write, and brought Pelikan so much success that production could not keep up.
 
For images, please see my album in the next post.

Please visit my website Modern Pelikan Pens for the latest information. It is updating and correcting original articles posted in "Dating Pelikan fountain Pen".

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  • 2 weeks later...
Now that I have posted most of the typical Pelikan vintage fountain pens. There are still a few pens that need to be featured here.
 
 
 
 
Pelikan T111 Toledo  (ca.1933) - the fourth generation
 
Model T111 Toledo was introduced in 1931 at the price of 27 Reichsmark (RM)⁽¹⁾. The model was characterized by pelican motifs on the sleeve, a pelican head motif on the clip, and two milled cap rings.

Dimensions;
Total        Cap             Barrel      Cap            Barrel         Sleeve        Ink             Total
length      length        length      width         width          width         capacity    weight
117 mm    61.5 mm    93 mm    13.0 mm    10.5 mm    12.2 mm    1.5 ml        19.5 g
 
The handicrafts inlaid with gold and silver with skillful techniques made in Toledo has been called "Damasquinado". The name comes from the city of Damascus. Damascus fostered the finest decorative arts in the Islamic culture, from where the crafts spread eastward to China and westward to Spain. Especially, in Toledo, which was strongly influenced by Islamic culture, thought, and religion from the 8th to the 15th centuries, inlay work developed on jewelry, furniture, paper knives, armor, swords, frames, plates, jugs, and vases (Damasquinado) (in Japanese).

From the 1910s to the 1930s, several pen manufacturers adopted the Toledo technique to decorate their fountain pens (please see below).

To return to this model, the sleeve was made of one piece steel⁽³⁾. The motifs (e.g. pelicans, leaves) on the sleeve were carved in relief using a corrosion method (etching). Deep areas ("troughs") were burnished⁽²⁾, while the more prominent motifs ("peaks") were gold-plated. Some of the line drawings were then re-engraved by hand (PENEXCHANGEPelikan Schreibgeräte). This model is said to have been named after the "Toledo" technique. However, despite its name, Pelikan Toledo was not made in the strict sense of the Toledo technique⁽⁴⁾. Of course, this does not in any way diminish the value of this pen.

The model was also characterized by a pelican head motif on the clip. The clip was engraved with the head and beak of a pelican facing sideways. Two milled cap rings were made of 14 carat gold, as was model 111. Any variants without any special ornamental rings and clip never existed (PENEXCHANGE).

As the footsteps of war approached, the use of gold became restricted for the domestic market. Model T111 Toledo was discontinued in 1938⁽⁵⁾, and replaced by 100N Toledo⁽⁶⁾.

Judging from cap top and section, my pen can be dated ca.1933 or after, belonging to  the fourth generation. This model is heavier than model 100 because of the sleeve.
 
Model T111 Toledo was reissued as "Originals of their Time 1931 Toledo" in 2003.

Note;⁽¹⁾"In former days the Toledo was never the masterpiece within the range of products, rather more a fountain pen priced in the upper middle-class, which is proven by its former sales price of 27 Reichsmark compared to the golden Pelikan 112 at 40 Reichsmark (PENEXCHANGE)".
⁽²⁾After burnished, steel gains black color through a chemical process.
⁽³⁾Today, the sleeve of Pelikan M900/M910 Toledo is made of one piece sterling silver.
⁽⁴⁾In the classic Toledo technique, a thin golden thread is hammered into grooves or lines to get an almost even surface, again. This kind of work is known as exchanging/compensating. In Pelikan Toledo, this decisive process was not carried out (PENEXCHANGEPelikan Schreibgeräte)
⁽⁵⁾Model T111 Toledo was seen in Pelikan catalog No.70 (1938) (described as "100 Toledo"), but not in the corresponding export catalog (Pelikan Schreibgeräte). 
⁽⁶⁾Pelikan 100N Toledo was made exclusively for the export market, presumably to earn foreign currency for the war effort.
 
Fig.1
Pelikan T111 Toledo with the cap posted.
1.JPG.a01363e3903c082be606fed1f283fac3.JPG
 

Fig.2

Pelikan T111 Toledo with the cap closed.

2.JPG.6e4e37563a2755e143aaa69f51d17e5a.JPG
 

Fig.3

Pelican motifs on the sleeve. One parent pelican and two little pelicans?

3.jpg.2c0af5591e611a363a2538e56849962a.jpg
 
Fig.4
Pelican head motif on the clip.
4.JPG.ca987cb63465176af02724c329c9ae62.JPG
 
Fig.5
Pelikan T111 Toledo (left) and Originals of their Time 1931 Toledo (right). The Originals of their Time 1931 Toledo is a very good reproduction of the original appearance.
12.JPG.74a620db0aed99ce122765cbfa920b3d.JPG
 

 

 

Other "Toledo" style pens

 

Kaweco

Pencil with Toledo overlay (ca.1925).

5260g.jpg
61499g.jpg
 
60795g.jpg
 
3418g.jpg
 

Please visit my website Modern Pelikan Pens for the latest information. It is updating and correcting original articles posted in "Dating Pelikan fountain Pen".

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  • 4 weeks later...

Pelikan Gift Sets

(140, 350, 400NN, 450 update)

 

Recently I got hold on two NOS, factory boxed pen/pencil gift sets in cardbord retail boxes (Fig.1), mint, unsold, shelved and untouched for almost sixty years. 

I’m posting this, because scarce pens preserved in such a factory condition serve as good first-hand material evidence, which can help recognizing and verifying details relevant in dating “real life” used vintage Pelikan pens.

 

 

B582BAD6-F88F-40D9-BC27-165399560AB1.thumb.jpeg.debe08b9916a2c582a928d6a738f1a00.jpeg

Fig.1 Sets w. cases, cardboard boxes, and user instructions

 

  1. It proves 400NN has not been a model market name, just 400 (Fig.2)
  2. It shows 140s have been habitually paired with 350 pencil, and 400s with 450 pencils (Fig.2).
  3. Equal packing (Fig.1) indicates that 140 wasn’t factory considered a less serious model than the 400. Probably, just more compact and economical. 
  4. Nibs show expected size, geometry and design differences (Fig.3).
  5. Nib embossing (chevron patterns not meeting at the slit - Fig.3) dates the pens to the last manufacture year, 1964/5.
  6. Both pens had clear polystyrene collars, proving some of the pens of that period were still fitted with such prone-to-fail collars, up to the final production years.
  7. Both collars were broken, proving that polystyrene would crack unused, even when shelved, just from aging. I have replaced both.
  8. Cap locking behaviour and indication in the user instructions (Fig.4) shows that the safety locking mechanism was built-in for much longer than previously considered (1958/59): possibly until the end of production line in both models (1965). Unfortunately, in my experience, too many users see this a defect, and not knowingly ask the restorers to “repair that glitch” (by pulling the locking spring out, or grinding the section rim). The patent is shown in Fig.6. Disassmbling the 140 cap shows third generation cap construction: hollow cap tube sealed with nylon circle inserted into the cap top (Fig.5).
  9. User instructions (Fig.4) clearly indicate that the pen designers of both 140 and 400 had passenger air travel in mind.
  10. The 400NN nib unit is fitted with “Late 400 feed Type 2”, in @tacitus naming convention, which proves that dating of Pelikan 400 feed types in this thread has been correct.
  11. Both pencils are od the late version, with space for eraser inside the push knobs. The “double jaw” mechanism seems to adapt to both, 1.18mm and 0.9mm “fine line” leads.

 

 

021A7F77-8FC5-4263-B012-770FD151AAC0.jpeg.926938adf75774bb00c90a32793748cb.jpeg

Fig.2 Designation stickers on retail boxes, indicating model names and colors.

 

 

D6E946F0-95D7-4AD2-981F-9F82A5D79A88.jpeg.dfa351026b40a8fb070ea1c92f1ccebd.jpeg

Fig.3 140 and 400NN nibs, showing size, geometry and design difference. Please note that the 140 nib got polished during broken collar changing, while the 400 nib has been left with “original” 60 years of gold patina for comparison.

 

 

FA948D6B-E45D-4381-B34E-6226FE844A20.thumb.jpeg.3ca9f496ec0e3295321cbcdedeb9c606.jpeg

Fig.4 Pelikan fountain pen user instructions (for both 400NN and 140)

 

86931F81-D98D-44E3-B92B-4B5C5A4A7812.thumb.jpeg.e3b723b66f8ebb8a9b9d30106e35de2f.jpeg

Fig.5 140 cap with cap top unscrewed

 

3FF03E8B-F1BF-4319-A18C-C620090ECC3B.thumb.jpeg.19e2155bad0670cc12153a2d3d086080.jpeg

Fig.6 The Theodor Kovàcs Apr. 3, 1958 safety locking cap patent, as installed in later 140 and many 400NN pens.

 

Hope this can help.

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On 4/29/2023 at 2:35 PM, stoen said:

Pelikan Gift Sets

(140, 350, 400NN, 450 update)

 

Thank you @stoen for updating with so much information and pictures.

 

I sometimes find that the information in books and websites does not match the information on the pens I have (e.g. years when safety locking was installed). I wonder which is correct. This is because many pens are over 60 years old and it is impossible to determine if they are in their original condition/combination. It is amazing that pens still exist that are in factory condition, but if this information is shared, more research will be done on vintage Pelikan pens.

 

 

 

Please visit my website Modern Pelikan Pens for the latest information. It is updating and correcting original articles posted in "Dating Pelikan fountain Pen".

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  • 1 month later...

Pelikan 400

feed evolution

(update)

 

Here are few facts that were not known to me at the time Pelikan 400 was on topic. It is about the first generation ebonite feeds, also compatible with 100N (1950-54).

 

Here’s the Theodor Kovàcs original patent draft for the feed, and the friction fit collar/section interface (Fig.1):

1947E28A-8292-43BA-80C1-83B08A64A82C.thumb.png.e4a58f215af1601d98ae1eb7f9bd1240.png

Fig.1: All the relevant features of what was about to become the classical Pelikan four-fin feed can be seen. Please, note no longitudinal back-end slit, as reportedly found in some 1950 400s.

 

 

In manufactured parts, one can not only recognize few simplifications, but also few variations, possibly introduced in a later sub-generation (Fig.2 - B), most obvious of which was the narrow cross-feed perpendicular slit (possibly 1952/1953, as found in pens that could have been dated to that period), similar to the slit found in feeds of later generations. The function of the slit could have to do with air intake compensation (as discussed in an earlier post):

 

349BE6D1-24B3-4032-952B-993A495A4C4F.thumb.jpeg.59d3a183327ce0d6cafe1d00ccd662e6.jpeg

Fig.2 - Two variations of early four fin feeds (A - as found in some 1950/51 pens; B - as found in some 1952/53 pens - with slightly longer back-end). Please note both back-ends being slightly longer than in the draft.

 

The original friction feed nib unit did not seem to get the expected market response, so Mr. Kovàcs devised the screw-in collar/section interface, as known in all 400 (500, 600, etc.) / 300 / 140 / 120 models and the corresponding nib unit tool (Fig.3).

865614BC-48EA-4ED1-A356-344F4721E707.jpeg.8f2a41d7b5ed9941d81e751c99307c19.jpeg

Fig.3 Screw-in collar/section interface and nib tool patent drawing (Jan. 20, 1951).

 

 

The Pelikan concept of friction-fit nib units must have existed since 1944 (US patent) or even earlier, with (Fig.4) and without (Fig.1) s(p)lit feed back-end. So it is possible that they’ve experimented with either solution, and is consistent with my findings.

 

58DAF8F9-9347-45B8-B280-983B9EEE0893.thumb.png.9d3c32b14167205006c39e7c545e2ae5.pngFig.4 Two Pelikan patents for friction-fit nib units. The uper one using kind of stop-notch, the lower one using a collar, completely shielding the feed. 

 

 

Hope these findings can contribute toward improving in dating Pelikan Fountain Pens.

 

 

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Thank you @stoen for the original patents by Theodor Kovàcs. They are also undisputable primary sources. We can now know to some extent how the original idea was commercialized, or it ended up as just a project.☺️

Please visit my website Modern Pelikan Pens for the latest information. It is updating and correcting original articles posted in "Dating Pelikan fountain Pen".

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Pelikan 100N Toledo (ca.1938) - the first generation
 
On March 25, 1937, model 100N was introduced only for the export market. On April 28, 1938, Günter Wagner celebrated the 100th anniversary and offered model 100N for the domestic market as the part of the celebration. In the same year, the product range was expanded. Like model 100 families, the precious metal models or “luxury models” were introduced (Pelikan-guide).
 
  • 100N Gold; sleeve and cap rings made of 14 carat gold.
  • 101N White gold doublé; cap and sleeve made of rolled white gold.
  • 100N Toledo; "pelican" motifs on a gold-plated steel sleeve, "pelican head and beak" motif on a clip, and two milled cap rings made of 14 carat gold.
  • 101N Gold; cap and sleeve made of 14 ct gold.
 
Initially, the precious metal models were sold both for the domestic market and the export market. But by the end of March 1939, all precious metal models for the domestic market were discontinued. They only continued to be sold for the  export market (Pelikan Schreibgeräte)⁽¹⁾.
 
Model 100N Toledo was the successor of model T111 Toledo. These models were produced inspired by the Toledo technique or "Damasquinado"⁽²⁾. Like T111 Toledo, the model was characterized by pelican motifs on a gold-plated steel sleeve, a pelican head and beak motif on the clip, and two milled gold cap rings. Although different in size, the designs of the sleeve and the clip were identical to those of T111 Toledo (Fig.5 leftmost). Judging from the cap top logo of my pen, it can be dated 1938, belonging to the first generation. This model is heavier than model 100N because of the sleeve. In 1942, all the precious metal models including 100N Toledo were discontinued (Pelikan Schreibgeräte).
 
After World War II, the production of 100N and 101N was resumed, but not the precious metal models. With the introduction of model 400, the precious metal models were resumed (e.g. 600700N), but Toledo model was never made.
 
In 1986, after a 43-year hiatus, Toledo model was finally revived as M700 Toledo, the same size as M400 (Pelikan Schreibgeräte). In 1991, model M900 Toledo was introduced, the same size as M800 (Pelikan’s Perch). Both M700 and M900 are still in production today.
 
In the 94-year history of Pelikan fountain pens, Toledo models have been in production for 50 years in total, longer than the Souverän series, and Toledo model is now one of Pelikan fountain pens' icons.

Note;⁽¹⁾They would have been exported at least in part to earn foreign currency for the war effort.
⁽²⁾As mentioned with T111 Toledo, Pelikan Toledo models were not strictly speaking made in the Toledo technique (PENEXCHANGEPelikan Schreibgeräte).
 
Fig.1
Pelikan 100N Toledo with the cap posted.
01.thumb.JPG.d541478620a57ac4a4f9ba28ecf1f9ec.JPG
 
Fig.2
Pelikan 100N Toledo with the cap closed.
02.thumb.JPG.0efde462ad9c79c9437f9a99de2cce3a.JPG
 
Fig.3
Pelican motifs on the sleeve. One parent pelican and two little pelicans?
03.jpg.12e3d730380ad0b5b11aba9f6a1a4bf0.jpg
 
Fig.4
Pelican head motif on the clip.
04.JPG.ed2f8b075ab50c344f361c54510c187d.JPG
 
Fig.5
Pelikan Toledo family. From left to right; T111 Toledo (ca.1933), 100N Toledo (ca.1938), M700 (ca.1986), Toledo, M900 Toledo (ca.1992), and Originals of their Time 1931 Toledo (2003).
DSC03179-2s.thumb.JPG.627b8ccfd6917baaa6161cb170af6627.JPG

Please visit my website Modern Pelikan Pens for the latest information. It is updating and correcting original articles posted in "Dating Pelikan fountain Pen".

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  • 4 weeks later...
Pelikan 112 (ca.1933)
Dimensions;
Total  Cap   Barrel  Cap Barrel Sleeve Ink    Total
length   length   length  width width width capacity   weight
117 mm   61 mm   93.5 mm  13.0 mm  10.4 mm  11.8 mm   1.5 ml   20.0 g

 

In 1931, the product range of fountain pens was expanded: model 100 (formerly Pelikan fountain pen) with a sleeve in traditional green, black, and new colors (grey, red, blue, and yellow), model 110, model 111 (formerly Pelikan Gold), model T111 Toledo, and model 112.

 

With solid 14 carat gold (cap top overlay, cap tube overlay, and sleeve)⁽¹⁾, model 112 was the most luxurious fountain pen in the prewar Pelikan fountain pens⁽²⁾. Three patterns were known for the guilloche design of cap and sleeve (diamond, grain, and wave) (Pelikan-collectibles). My pen has a diamond patters (Fig.7). Judging from cap top and section, my pen can be dated ca.1933 or after, belonging to the fourth generation. The model is heavier than model 100 because of the cap and sleeve.

The precious metal models or “luxury models” (model 110-112) including model 112 were still on Pelikan catalog No.70 (1938), but no longer on the corresponding export catalog (Pelikan Schreibgeräte). By the end of March 1939, all precious metal models for the domestic market were discontinued (Pelikan Schreibgeräte).

 

The subsequent history of the top-of-the-line pens with solid gold was as follows.

 

With the introduction of model 100N series, model 101N Gold with solid 14 carat gold (cap top overlay, cap tube overlay, and sleeve)was introduced in 1938. 101N Gold were discontinued in 1942 (Pelikan Schreibgeräte). After World War II, the production of 100N and 101N was resumed, but the precious metal models were never made.

 

With the introduction of model 400 series, model 700 in all solid 14 carat gold (cap top overlay, cap tube overlay, crown, clip, sleeve, and turning knob overlay) was introduced in 1951.

 

With the introduction of model 400N series, model 700N in all solid 14 carat gold (same as above) was made in 1956 (not mentioned in price lists. Only some examples are known).

 

With the introduction of model 400NN series, model 700NN in all solid 14 carat gold (same as above) was was introduced in 1957.

 

With the introduction of model M series, model M100 in all solid 14 carat gold (cap top, cap tube, clip, sleeve, section band, and turning knob) was introduced in 1966, and redesigned in 1970. M100 was discontinued in 1983.

 

After M100 was discontinued, no solid gold pens have been produced in the regular product line. In 1997, models 110, 111, and T111 were reissued as "Originals of their Time", but not model 112.

 

Note;⁽¹⁾For model 112, cap top and cap tube had been overlaid with solid 14 carat gold. Sleeve was made of solid 14 carat gold instead of celluloid. Please note that drop clip was gold plated like model 100. The turning knob had no overlay. 

⁽²⁾In 1932, model 100 was 8.6 Reichsmarks (RM) while model 112 was 29.6 RM (Pelikan catalog No.50/A (1932)). In 1938, model 100 was 13.5 RM while model 112 was 45.0 RM (Pelikan catalog No.70 (1938)).

 

Fig.1, 2
Pelikan 112 (ca.1933).

01.JPG.9c752bc378eb9a71b52d46a16b5cd423.JPG

02.JPG.d7408c0d9e391229e5e6dcbb9fa23309.JPG
 
Fig.3
The old cap top logo.

12.jpg.f8f9a8683e0a5efb4b9fe2e2938c9a91.jpg

 

Fig.4
The cap top and the cap tube. The ebonite parts and the solid 14 carat gold overlay can be seen.
2023-06-25_165039.thumb.jpg.867d6b12651f26bfe2419e36889df81a.jpg
 
Fig.5
The 14 carat gold nib.

1101.JPG.e42f944600a27214e3673a8497a62257.JPG

 

Fig.6
The green transparent celluloid barrel. The original color and condition are preserved.

06.JPG.55b771e07dc121492d58744c9d7d0f45.JPG

 

Fig.7
The "diamond" pattern of the cap top and the cap tube.

008.JPG.0bd4d03f3d2759ef3ff84c85cdd9b829.JPG

 

Fig.8
The hallmarks "585 14CT" on the cap tube and the sleeve.
2023-06-21_234010.jpg.cc68cf8c263bef3be9e1e25444e074a6.jpg
 

 

Pelikan 101N Gold

 

 

Pelikan-101N-gold-5.thumb.jpg.6e343721f36c94726f82a6657c695457.jpgPelikan-101N-gold-6.thumb.jpg.527f6c6b407948a5ccfa8f2346062e63.jpgPelikan-101N-gold-8.thumb.jpg.a04bbfcfe0a9aa5989146e8ad87f24e7.jpg

 

Pelikan M100


My collection.

01.thumb.jpg.a2120f8e62ca2d9a356556ce8fece9cf.jpg02.thumb.jpg.6f7fbf2a0d323576519108f3229ce696.jpg

 

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I think I have posted almost all the vintage Pelikan fountain pens to be presented (I don't own luxury versions of 100N and 400 series). Thank you all for reading and for your comments.

 

I have found (or been informed of) many errors and new discoveries in my posts. They can no longer be corrected nor added in the original posts, so please see Vintage Pelikan Pens. This site is completely non-commercial and (for some reason😅) not found by any search engines😝. It is a site that only the viewers of this thread can access.

 

I would like to move on to (what I consider) modern Pelikan fountain pens. I will not start a new thread but will continue to post in this thread. Please note that it will not help at all in dating modern Pelikan fountain pens😅. Anyway, I plan to start with model P1 (or the first version of M800) first. P1 has many changes and even a cap has several innovations. Please wait a moment until they are ready.

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I will start posting m from this time.
The first one is model P1, but since it has become too large, I will post it in 5 parts.

 

Pelikan P1 RG (1959-1963) 1/5

 

With "Pelikan thermic-regulator" invented by Theodor Kovács (Pelikan-collectibles.com), Günter Wagner started to develop a novel fountain pen as the new flagship. Finally, on September 2nd, 1958, Günter Wagner presented model P1 that was innovative in both construction and design (Pelikan Schreibgeräte). Although the piston filler mechanism and screw-in cap mechanism were unchanged from model 400NN, P1 had many changes.

 

 

Model name: First of all, the pen had a unique model name. As far as I surveyed, there is no source that mentioned what P1 was derived from (there is a discussion in Ravens March Fountain Pens). In Pelikan catalog No.100A/4 (1962), P1 was advertised as "Füllhalter P1"on the top of the catalogs, while 400 series were only "Standard-Füllhalter". Günter Wagner likely regarded P1 as the flagship, and named "P1" with the meaning that it is the No.1 of (modern) Pelikan fountain pens. There were two types of P1 with different caps: for P1 with a rolled gold cap, RG (rolled gold) was placed after the model name, and named "P1 RG", while that with silvexa (nickel silver) cap was called "P1 S". Günter Wagner had model 550 mechanical pencil and model 555 ballpoint pen, corresponding to model 520 with a rolled gold cap, a higher model of 400, but when P1 was introduced, they were renamed 550 RG and 555 RG, respectively (August 4, 1959). Thus, they became the corresponding mechanical pencil and ballpoint pen to P1. This also suggests that Günter Wagner had placed P1 on top of 400 series.

 

For the pens of following  generations, their model numbers had one, two three, or four digits. Alphabet(s) were placed before the model number to denote the filling system (and the grade of the fountain pen) (e.g. MK30, P490, L5. M7000). "P" denoted "Patronen-Füllsystem"(cartridge filler system), while "M" denoted "Mechanik-Kolbenfüllsystem" (mechanical piston filler system).

 

As P1 had a piston filler system, Günter Wagner probably named it (and P15/P25) in a different way from the subsequent models (there is also a discussion in Ravens March Fountain Pens).

 

Note;⁽¹⁾Patented and published on June 4, 1958 by the patent office of London (Pelikan’s Perch).

 

Pelikan P1 S (1958)

Pelikan-0485(1).thumb.jpg.979978bc0014d9d3368f9105c1b6fef8.jpg

 

Pelikan 550 RG and 555 RG

From Pelikan catalog (ca.1959). Please note that P1 is mentioned before 700 in it.

822346aa.jpg.e594e3eece634ae3a36e1d1b8c8492ee.jpg

 

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Pelikan P1 RG (1959-1963)    2/5
 
  • Hooded nib and Pelikan thermic-regulator: P1 had Pelikan's unique "hooded nib system" that was newly developed for the model. Hooded nib system was introduced by Parker in 1941 to prevent their new super-chrome ink "Quink" from clogging pens because it dried so fast (Parkerpen.com). The pen was such a big success, many other manufacturers made their own hooded nib systems⁽¹⁾. Even though Parker stopped making the original Parker 51 in 1973, (semi-)hooded nib system were still in production. There is no doubt that P1 was inspired by Parker 51, but the design and technology were truly unique to P1 (Pelikan Schreibgeräte).
  • As shown in Fig.6, the nib of P1 was much smaller than 400NN (as is the case with other hooded nibs, the nib is only visible a few millimeters from the section, so it is impossible to imagine the actual size and shape of the nib by appearance alone). The nib had a short narrow slit to lead ink to the tip, but there was no vent hole. The nib had an inscription "Pelikan 14C-585" on the upper side (there were no nib specification on it). But when the nib is inserted into the section, the inscription is hidden under the section (Fig.7).
  • P1 also featured the new ink feed system called "Pelikan thermic-regulator". “Theodor Kovács had developed a new internal ink feed with an additional large reservoir for excess ink (Pelikan-collectibles.com)". At first glance, the feed itself is much longer than that of 400NN, but its structure appears much simpler than 400NN: there is one long ink reservoir (Fig.8-1) at the top of the feed, but no fins (lamellae) to hold the excess ink, no grooves for ink and air channel (the structure of the product feed appears to be somewhat simpler than the figure in the patent)(Fig. 2). There is a secret in the section. Fig.2, 3, 4 show that there are two cylindrical tubes with holes that surround the feed. So, ink in the ink chamber is not supplied directly to the feed, but indirectly through the gaps between the section and the tubes (Fig.7). This gap serves seems to be not only ink channels but also an additional ink reservoir. Ink that reaches the feed is delivered to the nib by capillary action created by the nib and the feed. So the ink channels are more complex than they looks, so the feed itself did not need a dedicated ink channel. There is a hole at the end of the feed (Fig.8-2). By inserting a special tool (screw rod) (Fig.9) into this hole and pulling it out, the feed (and nib) can be removed. In fact, this hole extends further back, through the ink reservoir of the feed, out into the additional ink reservoir (Fig. 3, 8-3). So, this hole is also a main air channel and serves as an air intake during writing (Fig.3). There is also a groove on the underside of the feed (Fig. 8-2), which seems to be an auxiliary air channel. In General, when the air pressure in the ink chamber increases due to the heat of the hand, ink is pushed into the feed, and when the external air pressure decreases, ink is pulled into the feed, both of which can easily cause ink leakage. In P1, changes in heat and air pressure seems to be buffered by the large ink reservoirs as stated above, where overflowed ink is stored. Thus, ink does not leak from the nib under different circumstances.
  • While removing the feed required a special tool, setting the feed and nib in the section requires no special tool. Just set the nib in position over the feed and gently insert it into the section, taking care so that the nib doesn't shift (Fig. 8-4). Then, the nib is "hooded" (Fig. 7) by the section. The nib is only fixed between the section and the feed by friction, so it is possible to remove just the nib, but I don't know if Günter Wagner recommended it. The section covers and presses the nib from above and prevents the nib from flexing and separating from the feed when writing. As stated above, this helps the nib to be resistant to drying out. Moreover, the position of the nib and feed in relation to the section is always constant, so there is no need to worry about the nib shifting, as was the case with previous pens. Also, there is no longer a need to worry about the collar cracking like in 400NN. The nib, with its curved shape, its short slit, the lack of a vent hole, and the way it is fixed into the section hardly flexes, and, together with the excellent feed, ensures a constant ink flow. There are few room to adjust the writing feel. In general, the writing feel is harder than 400NN. This seems to be rather what Günter Wagner wanted, as it would have been easier to write for users accustomed to ballpoint pens.
Note;⁽¹⁾They were all referred to as "hooded nibs", but the shape of the nib and the ink supply system varied depending on the manufacturer. Other manufacturers included Aurora, Lamy, Waterman, De La Rue, Montblanc etc.(Fig.1). Günter Wagner was rather a latecomer in the field of hooded nib system.
 

Fig.1

Fountain pens with a (semi-)hooded nib.

1f688f23d6437c014777db567d7b4675.jpg.ec9a8ea1a286b92124771f403e4e5696.jpg
Patent by Theodor Kovács. Published on June 4, 1958 by the patent office of London.
 
kovacs-thermic-regulator-patent.jpg.da0c0897a063a8b5375595f6bae47e7f.jpg
"Prospect of Pelikan thermic-regulator" from Pelikan 125 Jahre Katalog (modified by tacitus) . Excess ink is stored in the addiotional ink reservoir (red arrow head) and the feed ink reservoir (red arrow). A main air channel (blue arrow head) and an auxiliary air channel? (blue arrow) .
P1section.jpg.364f19cbfa16600db4778680c9d13739.jpg
 
The cross section of P1. As in Fig. 3, the complex structure within the section is depicted. You can see that the ink window is located directly below the piston head, rather than directly above the rear end of the feed as in the conventional way.
section.png.369a0fd9298beea685f5076178dd3b3c.png
 
Pelikan P1 S demonstrator (1958). A hole (arrow) can be seen in the section. Air and ink flow through the hole.
Pelikan-P1-silvexa-demo-3.jpg.88c0734bef788441fa8b7eec33337e6f.jpg
 
Fig.6
P1 feed (top) and 400NN feed (bottom).
DSC03814.JPG.94b95d65425b64632814ddcdae9ab025.JPG
 
When set in the section, only the tip of the nib is visible. Although small in size, it is firmly fixed between the section and the feed.
s-l1600.jpg.09a20592fee7c708a1de28889cb4fa1e.jpg
 
Fig.8-1
P1 feed (left) and 400NN feed (right). P1 feed has only an ink reservoir on the back and no grooves at all.
DSC03844.JPG.3c5610aade73cfb4b25f69944ceb34e0.JPG
 
Fig.8-2
The view of the feed from below. A hole at the tip of the feed (arrow), where air is taken in. The groove (arrow head) is thought to be an auxiliary airway.
DSC03872.JPG.b72bede61eaf658b96308f0e10659420.JPG
 
Fig.8-3
 
Air flow (arrow). Air taken in through the hole of the tip passes through the ink reservoir and eventually enters the ink chamber.
DSC03875-2.JPG.c1157347ea755a5cf697cd070885cd07.JPG
 
Fig.8-4
The nib is set on the feed.
DSC03880.JPG.8f3177c03d45066a301bd1295de99120.JPG
 
Feed remover (screw rod). Insert this into the hole of the feed while turning it, and pull out the feed.
Pelikan-P1-2.jpg.110ad5064452bd767614a229753d8677.jpg

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Pelikan P1 RG (1959-1963)    3/5

  • Cap: Many innovations were also made in the cap.

    • The cap consists of four parts (a metal cap tube, an inner cap, a clip, and a crown that holds those three parts in place) (Fig. 10). There were two types of cap tubes, one in rolled gold metal (P1 RG) and the other in silvexa (nickel silver) (P1 S). Their corresponding clips are in rolled gold metal ans in silvexa, respectively. The cap tube is bent inward at the cap top end, and has three cutouts at 1 o'clock, 6 o'clock, and 11 o'clock (Fig. 11). What this means can be seen when the cap is assembled. The inner cap has a pointed cap top, which reminds us of 400NN, but unlike 400NN, the cap top doesn't have Pelican logo on it, and there are two protrusions at its base at 1 and 11 o'clock (Fig. 12 arrow head) and a cutout at 6 o'clock (Fig. 12 arrow). When assembling the cap, the inner cap is inserted into the cap tube so that the protrusions fit into the corresponding cutouts (Fig. 13). The clip also has a protrusion at its base (Fig. 15). The clip is to be set so that its protrusion fits into the 6 o'clock cutout in the cap tube and the inner cap (Fig. 17-1). Finally, turn the crown (Fig. 16) onto the screw at the base of the cap top firmly. This holds the cap tube, inner cap, and clip firmly in their respective positions and prevent them from wobbling. The clip does not rotate around the cap tube and the tip of the clip always comes to the "Pelikan" position on the cap tube edge (Fig. 17-2) (in 400NN, the clip was not secured against the cap tube).

    • As mentioned above, to close the cap, it is screwed into the section. However, that method differs from 400NN: the inner cap plays a main role. The inner cap is threaded on the inside (Fig. 18 arrowhead), and when the cap is turned, this engages with the outer thread of the section (Fig. 19) to hold the cap in place (in 400NN, the cap itself was threaded). In 400NN, the inner cap is simply pressed against the edge of the section when the cap is closed, but in P1, the inner cap and section are secured by the threads, thus making the nib more airtight. Moreover, in P1, gap between the inner cap and section is smaller than in 400NN (Fig. 20 top), making the nib more resistant to changes in air pressure. This would have reduced the risk of in-flight ink leakage. In addition, P1 had a "cap safety device": a metal ring is incorporated at the back of the inner cap threading, which acts as a clutch ring (Fig.18 arrow). There is a ring-shaped indentation at the end of the section threads (Fig. 19 arrow), and as the cap is turned to close, the metal ring snaps into this indentation (a clicking sound is heard). Thus, even if the cap is accidentally loosened, the clutch prevents the cap from coming off, and there is no danger of accidentally contaminating the pocket with ink. In line with the introduction of P1, cap safety device was also introduced in 400NN in 1958. When the cap is unscrewed, this ring is removed from the indentation, making a clicking sound is heard. The cap can be unscrewed in just half a turn, which makes it quick and easy to wright (Pelikan’s Perch).

    • When the cap is posted on the back of the pen, the inner cap (again, not cap tube) fits over the turning knob (Fig. 20 bottom). As the cap is designed so that its edge does not interfere with the barrel when closed or posted, the edge of the cap is less likely to scratch the barrel.

 

As I have only a few Megabytes for images allowed, so I made an album for the P1 cap. Please click the image for detail. Thank you.

 

 

 

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Pelikan P1 RG (1959-1963)    4/5

Body: Like 400NN, the section and barrel were an integrated one piece body. When P1 was launched, it had a clutch ring stuck in the center (there is no indentation at the end of the section threads; Fig. 7), but this was discontinued the following year. The ink capacity was 1.5 ml, slightly less than 400NN (Pelikan-collectibles.com), but not small for its body size (Pelikan’s Perch).

  • One of the most different points from 400NN was the ink window, which consisted of four small, circular, transparent ink windows positioned close to the turning knob (Fig. 4 (see above), 21). Fig.4 may help understand why the ink window was placed in this position. My guess is that because of the long feed, it would have been difficult to create an ink window close to the section as in the 400NN, and that even if the ink window was placed just above the feed, the exact amount of ink remaining could not be determined because of ink stored in the large ink reservoirs when the pen is in a normal writing position. Even though it may be bothersome, if you turn the pen upward, you can definitely see the exact remaining ink directly above the piston seal (Fig. 4).

  • Other major changes were the shape of the section and the location of the threads that hold the caps in place. The section is protruding forward from the top to hold the nib in place and cover it (there were two different shapes of the tips depending on the production period) (Fig. 22). The forward shift of the position of threads would have greatly reduced the number of users whose fingers rest on the threads when writing (Fig. 23). As stated above, there was a ring-shaped indentation at the end of the section thread (Fig. 19 top arrow). These made steps in the section unavoidable, and (in my opinion) made it look less presentable than Parker 51. I guess Pelikan put function before appearance.

Piston filler mechanism: P1 adopted a traditional piston filler mechanism, consisting of a turning knob, a spindle, a piston guide, and a piston rod/piston seal (Fig. 24), with no major structural changes from the 400NN. Like 400NN, it was fixed to the barrel with a friction-fit and required special pliers for removal (Fig. 26). Unlike 400NN, the tip of the turning knob was fitted with a rolled gold ring or silvexa (presumably for decoration)(Fig. 25), which is paired with a crown at the tip of the cap. When the cap is posted, the inner cap fits here to hold the cap in place.

Shape and appearance; The shape became slimmer and longer than 400NN. Together with hooded nib, it was in keeping with the tastes of the time. With cap closed, the overall body tapering gently from the center to each end. Both sides were symmetrical with pointed tips and metal crowns (Fig. 27). There was no step between the barrel and the turning knob, all of which would have made the pen stylish. But Parker and Aurora have the edge in terms of the beauty of the shape when the cap is posted (it is just my opinion)(Fig.1). In P1 RG, with rolled gold cap and rolled gold rings on the both ends, the pen would have looked more luxurious than 400NN.

Fig.4 and 21
The ink windows was positioned close to the piston seal.

section.png.d9b0165ce404a30a4b0dee49a8ea980b.pngDSC04073.JPG.0d49ff46d9836af3c55100433c10c4fa.JPG

 

Fig.22
Initially, the tips of the sections had a ridge (left), but sometime in 1959 the tips of the sections were made smooth (right).

DSC04093.JPG.b2defdab0272c14e068950096ebb24c2.JPG

 

Fig.23
In P1, the position of threads shifted forward. That would have greatly reduced the number of users whose fingers rest on the threads when writing.

DSC04086.JPG.05f055d6a599a98c5e34c7cf505e9af7.JPG

 

Fig.24
P1 adopted a traditional piston filler mechanism, consisting of a turning knob, a spindle, a piston guide, and a piston rod (+ seal). The piston guide has a flat portion (arrow) to apply a special plier. The piston rod has a groove (arrow head) and the piston rod has a ridge inside. The combination of these two causes the piston rod to move up and down.

DSC04048.thumb.JPG.d181b2a31aa8aa594c479cdbb831ead1.JPG

 

Fig.26
The tip of the turning knob was fitted with a rolled gold ring (or silvexa for P1 S).

DSC04061.jpg.2c4e96b7ef0081afad5fd4472994c4c4.jpg

 

A special plier to remove the piston filler mechanism.

Pelikan-Werkzeug.jpg.cc201643f91cde2573474460773017c5.jpg

 

Fig.27

P1 with cap posted or closed. My collection.

d0639e1f.jpg.b5dafd356134fd1f0f23a5b5c35195cd.jpg

Please visit my website Modern Pelikan Pens for the latest information. It is updating and correcting original articles posted in "Dating Pelikan fountain Pen".

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Pelikan P1 RG (1959-1963)  5/5

 

conclusionModel P1 did not have major specification changes like 400N to 400NN, but it underwent at least two (three) minor specification changes before it was discontinued in 1963. Therefore, there were at least three (four) types of P1s with different specifications in terms of details.

 

  1. Initially there was a crutch ring in the center of the barrel that held the cap in place (presumably by friction-fit)(the first version),
  2. but it was moved inside the inner cap in April 1959 (Pelikan Schreibgeräte) (the second version).
  3. Initially, the tips of the sections had a ridge, but sometime in 1959 the tips of the sections were made smooth (the third version). I don't know why this change was made.
  4. From 1958-1962, the cap engraving was a single line. In the last production period (1962-1963) the cap was engraved with two lines (Pelikan SchreibgerätePelikan-collectibles.com)(the fourth version?)(I don't have its image).

 

As I have mentioned, P1 had much more innovations than you might imagine. It was a well-designed and crafted fountain pen down to the last detail. In this sense, P1 was an exceptional pen. To give a few examples, the large capacity of compensation chambers would have allowed the nib to be resistant to changes in air pressure and heat, and the caps are also precision-made to prevent ink leakage. The enthusiasm of the Günter Wagner development team for this fountain pen is evident in the new model number system. Moreover, its derivative model for school pen (Pelikano) was the company's first cartridge/converter filler. In my opinion, modern Pelikan pens started from P1. Although special tools were required to remove the feed and filling mechanisms, this did not necessarily reduce maintainability. This would be rather what Günter Wagner wanted. It would be a precautionary measure to prevent end-users from easily tampering with or breaking the mechanism, as long as only experienced repair persons with tools could disassemble it for repair.

 

However, despite Günter Wagner's expectations, P1 did not seem to be as successful as Parker 51 (ironically, the Pelikano was a huge success). Was it a very innovative pen but failed to appeal to end-users? Were end-users not interested in the inner workings of the pen? Was it just unfortunate for P1 that fountain pens were entering a period of decline (Ravens March Fountain Pens)? P1 was discontinued in 1963, two years before of the discontinuation of 400NN.

 

P1 does not seem to have a high reputation among Pelikan fountain pens (Pelikan’s Perch), but if you are interested in it after reading this article, please pick one up.

 

The first version

Pelikan-0485.thumb.jpg.a92485565c4420801a0b52037a2b4607.jpg

 

The second version

d0639e1f.jpg.b5dafd356134fd1f0f23a5b5c35195cd.jpg.fd89e8aca4c7b66ed32aed56a8b5e0bb.jpg

 

The third version

2023-07-19_223325.jpg.7304bebd86ebf292e39c2aad63040ebb.jpg

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I know I'm jumping around a lot, I am planning to focus on Pelikan Souverän M800 (the first version) in the next post.

Please visit my website Modern Pelikan Pens for the latest information. It is updating and correcting original articles posted in "Dating Pelikan fountain Pen".

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